Module java.base
Package java.nio.channels

Class FileLock

java.lang.Object
java.nio.channels.FileLock
All Implemented Interfaces:
AutoCloseable
public abstract class FileLock
extends Object
implements AutoCloseable
A token representing a lock on a region of a file.

A file-lock object is created each time a lock is acquired on a file via one of the lock or tryLock methods of the FileChannel class, or the lock or tryLock methods of the AsynchronousFileChannel class.

A file-lock object is initially valid. It remains valid until the lock is released by invoking the release method, by closing the channel that was used to acquire it, or by the termination of the Java virtual machine, whichever comes first. The validity of a lock may be tested by invoking its isValid method.

A file lock is either exclusive or shared. A shared lock prevents other concurrently-running programs from acquiring an overlapping exclusive lock, but does allow them to acquire overlapping shared locks. An exclusive lock prevents other programs from acquiring an overlapping lock of either type. Once it is released, a lock has no further effect on the locks that may be acquired by other programs.

Whether a lock is exclusive or shared may be determined by invoking its isShared method. Some platforms do not support shared locks, in which case a request for a shared lock is automatically converted into a request for an exclusive lock.

The locks held on a particular file by a single Java virtual machine do not overlap. The overlaps method may be used to test whether a candidate lock range overlaps an existing lock.

A file-lock object records the file channel upon whose file the lock is held, the type and validity of the lock, and the position and size of the locked region. Only the validity of a lock is subject to change over time; all other aspects of a lock's state are immutable.

File locks are held on behalf of the entire Java virtual machine. They are not suitable for controlling access to a file by multiple threads within the same virtual machine.

File-lock objects are safe for use by multiple concurrent threads.

Platform dependencies

This file-locking API is intended to map directly to the native locking facility of the underlying operating system. Thus the locks held on a file should be visible to all programs that have access to the file, regardless of the language in which those programs are written.

Whether or not a lock actually prevents another program from accessing the content of the locked region is system-dependent and therefore unspecified. The native file-locking facilities of some systems are merely advisory, meaning that programs must cooperatively observe a known locking protocol in order to guarantee data integrity. On other systems native file locks are mandatory, meaning that if one program locks a region of a file then other programs are actually prevented from accessing that region in a way that would violate the lock. On yet other systems, whether native file locks are advisory or mandatory is configurable on a per-file basis. To ensure consistent and correct behavior across platforms, it is strongly recommended that the locks provided by this API be used as if they were advisory locks.

On some systems, acquiring a mandatory lock on a region of a file prevents that region from being mapped into memory, and vice versa. Programs that combine locking and mapping should be prepared for this combination to fail.

On some systems, closing a channel releases all locks held by the Java virtual machine on the underlying file regardless of whether the locks were acquired via that channel or via another channel open on the same file. It is strongly recommended that, within a program, a unique channel be used to acquire all locks on any given file.

Some network filesystems permit file locking to be used with memory-mapped files only when the locked regions are page-aligned and a whole multiple of the underlying hardware's page size. Some network filesystems do not implement file locks on regions that extend past a certain position, often 230 or 231. In general, great care should be taken when locking files that reside on network filesystems.

Since:
1.4

  • Constructor Summary

    Constructors 
    Modifier Constructor Description
    protected FileLock​(AsynchronousFileChannel channel, long position, long size, boolean shared)
    Initializes a new instance of this class.
    protected FileLock​(FileChannel channel, long position, long size, boolean shared)
    Initializes a new instance of this class.

  • Method Summary

    Modifier and Type Method Description
    Channel acquiredBy()
    Returns the channel upon whose file this lock was acquired.
    FileChannel channel()
    Returns the file channel upon whose file this lock was acquired.
    void close()
    This method invokes the release() method.
    boolean isShared()
    Tells whether this lock is shared.
    abstract boolean isValid()
    Tells whether or not this lock is valid.
    boolean overlaps​(long position, long size)
    Tells whether or not this lock overlaps the given lock range.
    long position()
    Returns the position within the file of the first byte of the locked region.
    abstract void release()
    Releases this lock.
    long size()
    Returns the size of the locked region in bytes.
    String toString()
    Returns a string describing the range, type, and validity of this lock.

    Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

    clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

  • Constructor Details

    • FileLock

      protected FileLock​(FileChannel channel, long position, long size, boolean shared)
      Initializes a new instance of this class.
      Parameters:
      channel - The file channel upon whose file this lock is held
      position - The position within the file at which the locked region starts; must be non-negative
      size - The size of the locked region; must be non-negative, and the sum position + size must be non-negative
      shared - true if this lock is shared, false if it is exclusive
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold

    • FileLock

      protected FileLock​(AsynchronousFileChannel channel, long position, long size, boolean shared)
      Initializes a new instance of this class.
      Parameters:
      channel - The channel upon whose file this lock is held
      position - The position within the file at which the locked region starts; must be non-negative
      size - The size of the locked region; must be non-negative, and the sum position + size must be non-negative
      shared - true if this lock is shared, false if it is exclusive
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold
      Since:
      1.7

  • Method Details

    • channel

      public final FileChannel channel()
      Returns the file channel upon whose file this lock was acquired.

      This method has been superseded by the acquiredBy method.

      Returns:
      The file channel, or null if the file lock was not acquired by a file channel.

    • acquiredBy

      public Channel acquiredBy()
      Returns the channel upon whose file this lock was acquired.
      Returns:
      The channel upon whose file this lock was acquired.
      Since:
      1.7

    • position

      public final long position()
      Returns the position within the file of the first byte of the locked region.

      A locked region need not be contained within, or even overlap, the actual underlying file, so the value returned by this method may exceed the file's current size.

      Returns:
      The position

    • size

      public final long size()
      Returns the size of the locked region in bytes.

      A locked region need not be contained within, or even overlap, the actual underlying file, so the value returned by this method may exceed the file's current size.

      Returns:
      The size of the locked region

    • isShared

      public final boolean isShared()
      Tells whether this lock is shared.
      Returns:
      true if lock is shared, false if it is exclusive

    • overlaps

      public final boolean overlaps​(long position, long size)
      Tells whether or not this lock overlaps the given lock range.
      Parameters:
      position - The starting position of the lock range
      size - The size of the lock range
      Returns:
      true if, and only if, this lock and the given lock range overlap by at least one byte

    • isValid

      public abstract boolean isValid()
      Tells whether or not this lock is valid.

      A lock object remains valid until it is released or the associated file channel is closed, whichever comes first.

      Returns:
      true if, and only if, this lock is valid

    • release

      public abstract void release() throws IOException
      Releases this lock.

      If this lock object is valid then invoking this method releases the lock and renders the object invalid. If this lock object is invalid then invoking this method has no effect.

      Throws:
      ClosedChannelException - If the channel that was used to acquire this lock is no longer open
      IOException - If an I/O error occurs

    • close

      public final void close() throws IOException
      This method invokes the release() method. It was added to the class so that it could be used in conjunction with the automatic resource management block construct.
      Specified by:
      close in interface AutoCloseable
      Throws:
      IOException
      Since:
      1.7

    • toString

      public final String toString()
      Returns a string describing the range, type, and validity of this lock.
      Overrides:
      toString in class Object
      Returns:
      A descriptive string